The Christian History Timeline: 3 Phases of Christian-Muslim Interaction
April 1, 2002
Islamic Ascendancy
570 A Muhammad born 610 Gabriel calls Muhammad to be a prophet of Allah 622 Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina 632 Muhammad dies 638 Jerusalem surrenders to Muslim military 711 Muslims invade Spain 717 Caliph Umar II begins first general persecution of nonMuslims 726 John of Damascus leaves public office, enters monastery 732 Charles Martel defeats Muslim armies at Tours (Poitiers) 781 Nestorian Patriarch Timothy I debates Caliph Mahdi 807 Caliph Harun al-Rashid orders destruction of all newer churches 850 Caliph Mutawakkil forces Christians to wear yellow patches 956 Seljuk Turks embrace Islam 988 Prince Vladimir of Kiev adopts Christianity, stopping Islam's advance into Eastern Europe 1009 Fatimid Caliph Hakim destroys Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem 1025 Muslim raiders level a temple of Shiva in Gujarat, India 1055 Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad, ending a stable Islamic dynasty 1071 Byzantines lose major battle at Manzikert 1091 Seljuk Turks drive Christian priests out of Jerusalem Crusades
1099 First Crusade recaptures Jerusalem 1118 Military Order of Knights Templar formed to protect Holy Land pilgrims 1147 German knights of Second Crusade suffer major defeat at Dorylaeum, in Asia Minor 1169 Saladin comes to power in Egypt 1187 Saladin's forces crush crusader army, take Jerusalem 1191 England's Richard the LionHeart negotiates access to Jerusalem 1204 Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople, an allied city 1216 Jacques de Vitry named bishop of Acre 1219 Francis of Assisi preaches to Saladin's nephew 1238 Thomas Aquinas writes Summa Contra Gentiles, an apologetic aimed at Islam 1244 Christian settlers forced out of Jerusalem 1261 Byzantines regain Constantinople 1291 Fall of Acre ends Christian power in Holy Land
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