The Christian History & Biography Timeline
Johann Sebastion Bach
July 1, 2007
The Renaissance
1450
1455 Gutenberg completes first Bible using movable type 1483 Martin Luther is born 1509 John Calvin is born 1517 Luther posts his "95 Theses" on indulgences in Wittenberg 1521 Luther is excommunicated by the pope; at Diet of Worms, he refuses to recant writings; he begins translating the New Testament into German while hiding in Wartburg Castle 1523 Luther publishes Latin Mass for the church in Wittenberg 1526 Luther publishes German Mass for use in small congregations; Johann Walter becomes "the first Lutheran cantor" in Torgau c. 1527 Luther writes hymn "A Mighty Fortress" 1529 Luther publishes Large Catechism and Small Catechism 1534 Luther publishes German Bible 1534 Break between Church of England and Roman Catholic Church 1536 Calvin publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion 1538 Walter writes "In Praise of the Noble Art of Music" 1539 Luther preaches at St. Thomas's Church in Leipzig 1543 Copernicus argues that earth revolves around sun 1546 Luther dies 1555 Peace of Augsburg gives Catholic and Lutheran rulers in Germany the right to choose their territories' religion 1585 Johann Heermann, writer of the hymn "Ah, Holy Jesus," is born 1595 Michael Praetorius becomes organist at Wolfenbüttel c. 1597 The first opera Daphne is performed in Florence, Italy The Baroque Period
1600
1600 Shakespeare writes Hamlet 1603 Queen Elizabeth I of England dies 1607 Paul Gerhardt, writer of the hymn "O Sacred Head," is born 1611 King James Bible is published 1618 Beginning of the Thirty Years' War in Europe 1636 Heinrich Schütz writes German Requiem 1642 English Civil War begins 1647 Westminster Confession becomes the standard of Presbyterian faith in Scotland 1648 Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War 1667 Milton publishes Paradise Lost 1668 Dietrich Buxtehude becomes organist at St. Mary's Church in Lübeck, Germany 1669 Rembrandt dies 1675 Philipp Spener's Pia desideria launches German Pietist movement, emphasizing personal devotion and simple worship 1680 Antonio Stradivari begins making violins c. 1680 Johann Pachelbel writes Canon in D Major 1685 Johann Sebastian Bach is born in Eisenach, Germany 1685 George Frideric Handel is born in Halle 1687 Newton publishes theories on motion and gravity 1695 Bach's father dies; Bach goes to live with brother Johann Cristoph in Ohrdruf 1700
1700-1702 Bach is a choirboy in Lüneberg 1703 Bach becomes lackey and musician at the court of Duke Johann Ernst of Saxe-Weimar 1703-1707 Bach serves as organist of the New Church in Arnstadt 1705 Bach visits Buxtehude in Lübeck 1707-1708 Bach serves as organist at St. Blasius Church in Mühlhausen 1707 Bach marries his cousin Maria Barbara 1707 Publication of Hymns and Spiritual Songs by English hymn writer Isaac Watts; Methodist hymn writer Charles Wesley is born 1708 First performance of Gott ist mein König, the only one of Bach's cantatas to be published in his lifetime 1708-17 Bach serves in the court of Dukes Wilhelm Ernst and Ernst August of Saxe-Weimar 1717-23 Bach serves in the court of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen 1720 Maria Barbara dies 1721 Bach dedicates six concertos to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg; he marries Anna Magdalena Wilcke 1722 Bach completes first part of The Well-tempered Clavier 1723-1750 Bach serves as cantor of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig 1723 First performance of Bach's Magnificat 1724 First performance of Bach's St. John Passion 1727 First performance of Bach's St. Matthew Passion 1730 Bach writes a "Short But Most Necessary Draft for a Well-Appointed Church Music" to the Leipzig town council 1731 Bach publishes first part of Clavier-Übung (Keyboard Practice) 1732 Bach composes Coffee Cantata for Collegium Musicum performance at Zimmerman's Coffee House 1734-35 First performance of Bach's Christmas Oratorio 1736 Bach is appointed Royal-Polish and Electoral-Saxon Court Composer 1741 Publication of Goldberg Variations 1742 Handel's Messiah is first performed in Dublin, Ireland 1747 Bach visits the court of Frederick the Great 1748-49 Bach completes B Minor Mass 1750 Bach dies The Classical Period
1750 (-c.1820)
1756 Mozart is born 1759 Handel dies 1759 Voltaire publishes Candide 1770 Beethoven is born 1776 American Declaration of Independence 1789 French Revolution begins Paul Westermeyer contributed to this timeline. Copyright © 2007 by the author or Christianity Today International/Christian History & Biography magazine.
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